Half life Formula- Definition, and Well-derived equation
The Half life formula, a measure of the radioactive element gives information about the time required for the disintegration of one-half of the radioactive nuclei presents initially in the sample. Half life or half life period of a radioactive element is defined as the time required for the disintegration of one-half of the original amount […]
Rate equation: Rate of Radioactive disintegration in Detailed
The study of the rate equation for radioactive disintegration is based on the following two laws: All radioactive elements’ atoms spontaneously disintegrate, which causes them to emit α, β, and γ-rays as they break apart to produce new radioactive products. The rate of disintegration is determined by the law of chance rather than by external variables […]
Nuclear Reactions: Simplified Definition, and It’s 2 types
Nuclear reactions is a process that proceeds with a change in the nucleus composition to form an atom of a different element. In general, when two atomic nuclei or the nucleus of an atom and a proton, neutron, or electron from outside the atom collide, new particles are produced from the original particles. The conversion of […]
Metallurgy – Meaning, Simplified Introduction, and Principle
Metallurgy is the process of extracting a metal in pure form from one of its ore and utilizing them for useful purposes. This method used depends upon the nature of ore, the properties of the metal, and the local conditions. Thus, it is not possible to have a universal method for the extraction of all […]
Properties of alpha beta and gamma rays
The properties of alpha beta and gamma rays were observed and discovered by Rutherford by passing the radiations from radioactive substances through a strong electric field between oppositely charged parallel plates are well explained. The following points were concluded by placing uranium mineral in a lead box and passing emitted radiations between plates as shown […]
Mass Defect and Binding energy
Mass defect is the difference between the theoretical mass and the actual mass (experimental mass) of an atom. It is denoted by Δm. Binding energy is the energy that is released in the formation of a nucleus from its constituent nucleons (protons + neutrons). A detailed explanation of the mass defect and binding energy is […]
Isotopes, Isobars, and Isotones: Easy Definition and Examples
The terms isotopes, isobars, and isotones are used to describe the interactions between the atoms of various chemical elements. The concept of the nucleus was discovered by Rutheford in his atomic model popularly known as Rutherford’s atomic model, which states that ‘Protons and neutrons, which constitute almost all of the mass of the nuclear atom, […]
Electrocyclic reactions: Easy Stereochemistry
Electrocyclic reactions, a type of pericyclic reaction is a reversible reaction that involves ring closure of conjugated polyene to cycloalkane or ring opening of cycloalkane to conjugated polyene. It is a concerted reaction and proceeds through a cyclic transition state. The reaction requires heat or light and is completely stereospecific. Electrocyclic reaction definition Electrocyclic reaction […]
Pericyclic reaction mechanisms: Definition, example, and Types
Pericyclic reaction mechanisms, definition, examples, and types based on the conservation of orbital symmetry are well discussed below: The word pericyclic reactions mean around the circle. Pericyclic reactions thus are characterized by a cyclic transition state involving pi-bonds. A pericyclic reaction is a concerted reaction that proceeds through the cyclic transition state. Although most organic […]
Ion Exchange Resins: Cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins
Ion exchange resins are porous polymers containing charge groups which are capable of holding positive or negative ions. It is defined as “the reversible exchange of ions between a solid phase (ion-exchange material) and a liquid phase in which there is no permanent change in structure. In general word, ion exchange resin is a polymeric […]
Chemical Equation: How to balance chemical equations – Easy Tricks
A chemical equation is a symbolic expression of a chemical reaction. It is a shorthand representation that expresses a certain essential aspect of a chemical reaction by means of symbols and formulae. This sort of representation is called an equation since the number of atoms and mass of the reactant system may be equated with […]
What is a Chemical Reaction? – Definition, Types, and Examples
What is a chemical reaction? Simply chemical reaction may sound a bit of a scientific term but every simple reaction occurring around the world can be accounted for in this terminology. In general word, a Chemical reaction is a process that leads to a chemical change in the reactants. It is responsible for the rearrangement […]