Redox Titration: Definition, Requirements, Indicators, and 5 Reliable Applications
Redox titration, also known as oxidation-reduction titration is a form of titrimetric analysis that involves the reactions involving a change of oxidation number or transfer of electrons. It is based on an oxidation-reduction reaction between the titrant and the analyte. The standard solutions are either oxidizing or reducing agents. This method involves the use of […]
Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE): Definition, formula, and 4 Significance
Crystal field stabilization energy is the gain in energy achieved by the preferential filling up of orbitals by electrons. In other words, the reduction of a transition metal ion’s energy in a certain ligand environment is called crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE). The CFSE depends on factors like geometry, spin pairing energy, the number of […]
Crystal field splitting of d orbitals: Octahedral and Tetrahedral complexes
Crystal field splitting is the separation of five degenerate d-orbitals of metals under the influence of approaching ligands into two sets (t2g and eg) having different energy. It takes place under the influence of the electrostatic field of ligand that results in the repulsion between the electrons of metal ions and that of ligands when […]
Complexometric Titration: Definition, Types, Indicators, and 5 Reliable Applications
Complexometric titration is such a volumetric analysis that involves the formation of a soluble but slightly dissociated complex or complex ion. The formation of the colored complex determines the endpoint of the titration. Metal ions in solutions are estimated by complexometric titration. This is the titration between the metal ion and complexing agent in presence […]
Precipitation Titration – Principle, Types, and 5 Reliable Applications
Precipitation titration is such a titrimetric analysis that involves the formation of sparingly soluble compounds called precipitate. Precipitation refers to the formation of a solid in a solution, while the solid formed is called a precipitate. The cation comes from one solution, while the anion comes from another, making the precipitate itself ionic. In this […]
What are gels? Examples, Types, and Properties
Gels are jelly-like colloidal systems in which a liquid is dispersed in a solid medium. The majority of commonly used gels are hydrophilic colloidal solutions, in which a diluted solution is formed as elastic semi-solid masses under appropriate conditions. Despite the fact that the liquid makes up the majority of their (gels) mass, they have […]
Emulsion: Definition, Examples, Properties, and Applications
An emulsion is a dispersion of finely divided liquid droplets in another liquid. These are liquid-liquid colloidal systems, however, the two liquids are immiscible. In most cases, one of the two liquids is water and the other is oil since it is immiscible in water. If the liquids that are mixed have very little or no mutual […]
Coagulation: Lyophobic and Lyophilic Sols
Coagulation, also known as precipitation, is the process of settling colloidal particles. It is the phenomenon of aggregation or accumulation of colloidal particles to settle down as a precipitate. Due to the existence of charge on colloidal particles, lyophobic sols are stable. The same type of charge on colloidal particles repels one another and keeps […]
Preparation of Colloids – Dispersion and Condensation Method
The preparation of colloids that can be carried out using several techniques is well-discussed below: Colloids are those particles that are intermediate between true solution and suspension and have a diameter of 1 to 100nm. Considering that the sizes of colloidal particles are intermediate between those of molecules and those of macroscopic bulk phases, it […]
Colloids – Definition, Examples, Properties, and 10 Reliable Applications
This blog offers a detailed discussion of colloids, their examples, properties, types, and importance. The word ‘colloids‘ is derived from greek words; Kolla = glue; eidos = like. A colloid is one of the three main categories of mixtures; the other two are a solution and a suspension. Depending on the degree of dispersion, the […]
s block elements: Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals
s block elements are those elements of the periodic table in which the last electron enters the s-orbital of the valence shell. Depending on the nature of the atomic orbital into which the last electron (differentiating electron) enters, elements are classified into four blocks; s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks. The division of elements into blocks […]
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation, and 7 Reliable Applications
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, also known as ICP-AES or ICP-OES is a form of emission spectroscopy that makes use of ICP (Inductively coupled plasma) to excite atoms or ions that produce electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength specific to a given element. The concentration of the element in the sample can be determined by […]